In this article we will explain how to configure FreeBSD for a Spanish keyboard layout with UTF-8 support under URxvt. This may seem simple, but it can be quite tricky if not configured correctly.
We will also give a couple of useful tips to ensure that certain tools such as htop or the well-known media player MOC display correct output in the console.
The first step will be to configure the keyboard layout at the operating system level in the rc.conf file:
vi /etc/rc.conf
keymap="es.kbd"
Then we will continue with the configuration at the X level in the xinitrc file:
vi ~/.xinitrc
export LANG=es_ES.UTF-8
export LC_ALL=es_ES.UTF-8
setxkbmap es
xrdb .Xresources
xbindkeys &
export SSH_ASKPASS=/usr/local/bin/x11-ssh-askpass ;export SSH_ASKPASS
eval `ssh-agent -s`
ssh-add &
compton -b -i 1 --vsync opengl --sw-opti --backend glx --glx-no-stencil -D 0 -m 1
shutter --min_at_startup &
nextcloud &
exec ck-launch-session dbus-launch --sh-syntax --exit-with-session awesome
We install the URxvt terminal and Perl extensions:
pkg install rxvt-unicode urxvt-perls
Finally, we configure our terminal using the Xresources file:
vi ~/.Xresources
Xcursor.theme: Vanilla-DMZ-AA
!Xcursor.core: 1
!Xcursor.theme: default
!urxvt color scheme:
xterm*termName: xterm-256color
URxvt.transparent: false
URxvt.background: Black
URxvt.foreground: White
URxvt.colorUL: #86a2b0
URxvt.underlineColor: Yellow
!urxvt fonts:
URxvt.font: xft:Dejavu Sans Mono:pixelsize=13:antialias=true
URxvt.boldFont: xft:Dejavu Sans Mono:pixelsize=13:antialias=true:style=bold
URxvt.letterSpace: -1
URxvt.utf8: 1
URxvt.termName: rxvt-unicode
URxvt.imLocale: es_ES.UTF-8
Xft.dpi: 96
Xft.antialias: true
Xft.hinting: true
Xft.rgba: rgb
Xft.autohint: false
Xft.hintstyle: hintslight
Xft.lcdfilter: lcddefault
!enabling clickable links:
URxvt.urlLauncher: /usr/local/bin/chrome
URxvt.matcher.button: 1
!urxvt scrolling options and cursor style:
URxvt.saveLines: 655350
URxvt.scrollstyle: rxvt
URxvt.scrollBar: false
URxvt.cursorBlink: true
URxvt.cursorUnderline: true
URxvt.scrollTtyOutput: false
URxvt.scrollWithBuffer: true
URxvt.scrollTtyKeypress: true
!Cut charis
URxvt.cutchars: `()*<>[]{|}:
! urxvt tabs settings:
URxvt.tabbed.tabbar-fg: 2
URxvt.tabbed.tabbar-bg: 0
URxvt.tabbed.tab-fg: 2
URxvt.tabbed.tab-bg: 8
URxvt.tabbed.autohide: yes
URxvt.tabbed.new-button: no
URxvt.tabbed.title: no
URxvt.keysym.Control-m: perl:kr0m:mysqlSlave
URxvt.keysym.Control-n: perl:kr0m:mysqlRepUsers
URxvt.keysym.Control-h: perl:kr0m:iptables
URxvt.keysym.Control-j: perl:kr0m:ss
URxvt.keysym.Control-o: perl:kr0m:clearcomments
URxvt.keysym.Control-p: perl:kr0m:psaux
URxvt.keysym.Control-i: perl:kr0m:icanhazip
URxvt.keysym.Control-u: perl:kr0m:pass
URxvt.iso14755: False
URxvt.perl-ext-common: default,kr0m,searchable-scrollback,theme
URxvt.searchable-scrollback: Control-s
! xpdf
xpdf.initalZoom: width
xpdf.reverseVideo: true
xpdf.toolTipEnable: false
! xterm
xterm*autoWrap: true
xterm*faceName: xft:bitstream vera sans mono:size=15:antialias=true
xterm*metaSendsEscape: true
!! xterm colors
! normal
xterm*color0: #000000
xterm*color1: #B40000
xterm*color2: #00AA00
xterm*color3: #AAAA00
xterm*color4: #5555AA
xterm*color5: #CC00CC
xterm*color6: #00AAAA
xterm*color7: #AAAAAA
! bright (bold)
xterm*color8: #555555
xterm*color9: #FFF000
xterm*color10: #00DD00
xterm*color11: #FFFF00
xterm*color12: #6464FF
xterm*color13: #FF00FF
xterm*color14: #00EEEE
xterm*color15: #DDDDDD
! misc
xterm*foreground: #00AA00
xterm*background: #000000
xterm*cursorColor: #00AA00
! Urxvt themes
URxvt.theme.Solarized.background: #fdf6e3
URxvt.theme.Solarized.foreground: #657b83
URxvt.theme.Solarized.color0: #073642
URxvt.theme.Solarized.color15: #fdf6e3
We restart to ensure that all the configuration we have done is loaded and check that we can see the characters in this demo file:
We should see output similar to this:
UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file
‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] <http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/> — 2002-07-25 CC BY
The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file
is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279.
Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as
Mathematics and sciences:
∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫
⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪
∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪
⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪
ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬
⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪
⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪
⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪
2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭
Linguistics and dictionaries:
ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn
Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ]
APL:
((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈
Nicer typography in plain text files:
╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗
║ ║
║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║
║ ║
║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║
║ ║
║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║
║ ║
║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║
║ ║
║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║
║ ║
║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║
║ ╭─────────╮ ║
║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║
║ ╰─────────╯ ║
╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝
Combining characters:
STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑
Greek (in Polytonic):
The Greek anthem:
Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη
τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή,
σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη
ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ.
᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη
τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά
καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη
χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά!
From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC:
Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι,
ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς
λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ
τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿
εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ
πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν
οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι,
οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν
ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον
τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι
γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν
προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους
σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ
τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ
τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς
τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον.
Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς
Georgian:
From a Unicode conference invitation:
გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო
კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს,
ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს
ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი,
ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება
ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში,
ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში.
Russian:
From a Unicode conference invitation:
Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по
Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии.
Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального
Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и
применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных
приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах.
Thai (UCS Level 2):
Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese
classic 'San Gua'):
[----------------------------|------------------------]
๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่
สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา
ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา
โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ
เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ
ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ
พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้
ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ
(The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled
correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the
| character above.)
Ethiopian:
Proverbs in the Amharic language:
ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ።
ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ።
ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው።
ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው።
የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም።
አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ።
ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ።
ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል።
ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር።
ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም።
እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም።
የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ።
ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት።
ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል።
የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ።
ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ።
ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው።
እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ።
Runes:
ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ
(Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he
bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said
that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.')
Braille:
⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌
⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞
⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎
⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂
⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙
⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑
⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲
⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲
⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹
⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞
⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕
⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹
⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎
⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎
⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳
⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞
⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲
(The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens)
Compact font selection example text:
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789
abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ
–—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд
∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა
Greetings in various languages:
Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ
Box drawing alignment tests: █
▉
╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳
║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳
║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳
╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳
║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎
║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏
╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█
▝▀▘▙▄▟
NOTE: As we can see, there are still some symbols that fail, such as runes, but we will be covered in most cases.
However, if it does not work, we will get the following output:
UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file
â¾â¾â¾â¾â¾â¾â¾â¾â¾â¾â¾â¾â¾â¾â¾â¾â¾â¾â¾â¾â¾â¾â¾â¾â¾â¾â¾â¾â¾â¾â¾â¾â¾â¾â¾â¾
Markus Kuhn [ËmaʳkÊs kuËn] <http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/> â 2002-07-25 CC BY
The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file
is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279.
Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as
Mathematics and sciences:
â® Eâda = Q, n â â, â f(i) = â g(i), â§â¡ââââââââââ¤â«
âªâ¢ââa²+b³ ââ¥âª
âxââ: âxâ = âââxâ, α ⧠¬β = ¬(¬α ⨠β), âªâ¢âââââââ ââ¥âª
âªâ¢ââ· câ ââ¥âª
â â ââ â ⤠â â â â â â, â¨â¢â ââ¥â¬
âªâ¢â â ââ¥âª
⥠< a â b â¡ c ⤠d ⪠⤠â (â¦A⧠â âªBâ«), âªâ¢â â² ââ¥âª
âªâ¢â â³aâ±-bâ±ââ¥âª
2Hâ + Oâ â 2HâO, R = 4.7 kΩ, â 200 mm â©â£âi=1 â â¦â
Linguistics and dictionaries:
ði ıntÉËnæÊÉnÉl fÉËnÉtık ÉsoÊsiËeıÊn
Y [ËÊpsilÉn], Yen [jÉn], Yoga [ËjoËgÉ]
APL:
((Vâ³V)=â³â´V)/Vâ,V â·ââ³ââ´ââââ¾âââ
Nicer typography in plain text files:
ââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââ
â â
â ⢠âsingleâ and âdoubleâ quotes â
â â
â ⢠Curly apostrophes: âWeâve been hereâ â
â â
â ⢠Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` â
â â
â ⢠âdeutscheâ âAnführungszeichenâ â
â â
â ⢠â , â¡, â°, â¢, 3â4, â, â5/+5, â¢, ⦠â
â â
â ⢠ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B â
â âââââââââââ® â
â ⢠the euro symbol: â 14.95 ⬠â â
â â°âââââââââ⯠â
ââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââ
Combining characters:
STARGÎÌTE SG-1, a = vÌ = rÌ, aâ ⥠bâ
Greek (in Polytonic):
The Greek anthem:
Σὲ γνÏÏá½·Î¶Ï á¼Ïὸ Ïὴν κόÏη
Ïοῦ ÏÏαθιοῦ Ïὴν ÏÏομεÏá½µ,
Ïá½² γνÏÏá½·Î¶Ï á¼Ïὸ Ïὴν á½Ïη
Ïοὺ μὲ βία μεÏÏάει Ïá½´ γá¿.
᾿ÎÏ᾿ Ïá½° κόκκαλα βγαλμένη
Ïῶν ῾ÎλλήνÏν Ïá½° ἱεÏá½±
καὶ Ïὰν ÏÏῶÏα á¼Î½Î´ÏειÏμένη
Ïαá¿Ïε, ὦ Ïαá¿Ïε, ᾿ÎλεÏθεÏιά!
From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC:
Îá½Ïὶ Ïαá½Ïá½° ÏαÏá½·ÏÏαÏαί μοι γιγνώÏκειν, ὦ á¼Î½Î´ÏÎµÏ á¾¿Îθηναá¿Î¿Î¹,
á½Ïαν Ï᾿ Îµá¼°Ï Ïá½° ÏÏάγμαÏα á¼ÏοβλέÏÏ ÎºÎ±á½¶ á½Ïαν ÏÏá½¸Ï ÏοὺÏ
λόγοÏÏ Î¿á½Ï á¼ÎºÎ¿á½»ÏÎ ÏÎ¿á½ºÏ Î¼á½²Î½ Î³á½°Ï Î»á½¹Î³Î¿ÏÏ ÏεÏὶ Ïοῦ
ÏιμÏÏá½µÏαÏθαι ΦίλιÏÏον á½Ïῶ γιγνομένοÏÏ, Ïá½° δὲ ÏÏάγμαÏ᾿
Îµá¼°Ï ÏοῦÏο ÏÏοήκονÏα, á½¥Ïθ᾿ á½ÏÏÏ Î¼á½´ ÏειÏόμεθ᾿ αá½Ïοὶ
ÏÏá½¹ÏεÏον ÎºÎ±Îºá¿¶Ï ÏκέÏαÏθαι δέον. οá½Î´á½³Î½ οá½Î½ á¼Î»Î»Î¿ μοι δοκοῦÏιν
οἱ Ïá½° ÏοιαῦÏα λέγονÏÎµÏ á¼¢ Ïὴν á½ÏόθεÏιν, ÏεÏὶ á¼§Ï Î²Î¿ÏλεύεÏθαι,
οá½Ïὶ Ïὴν οá½Ïαν ÏαÏιÏÏάνÏÎµÏ á½Î¼á¿Î½ á¼Î¼Î±ÏÏάνειν. á¼Î³á½¼ δέ, á½Ïι μέν
ÏοÏ᾿ á¼Î¾á¿Î½ Ïá¿ Ïόλει καὶ Ïá½° αá½Ïá¿Ï á¼Ïειν á¼ÏÏÎ±Î»á¿¶Ï ÎºÎ±á½¶ ΦίλιÏÏον
ÏιμÏÏá½µÏαÏθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ á¼ÎºÏÎ¹Î²á¿¶Ï Î¿á¼¶Î´Î±Î á¼Ï᾿ á¼Î¼Î¿á¿¦ γάÏ, οὠÏάλαι
γέγονεν ÏαῦÏ᾿ á¼Î¼Ïá½¹ÏεÏαΠνῦν μένÏοι Ïá½³ÏειÏμαι Ïοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν
ÏÏολαβεá¿Î½ ἡμá¿Î½ εἶναι Ïὴν ÏÏá½½Ïην, á½ÏÏÏ ÏÎ¿á½ºÏ ÏÏμμάÏοÏÏ
Ïá½½Ïομεν. á¼á½°Î½ Î³á½°Ï ÏοῦÏο βεβαίÏÏ á½Ïá½±Ïξá¿, Ïá½¹Ïε καὶ ÏεÏὶ Ïοῦ
Ïίνα ÏιμÏÏá½µÏεÏαί ÏÎ¹Ï ÎºÎ±á½¶ á½Î½ ÏÏá½¹Ïον á¼Î¾á½³ÏÏαι ÏκοÏεá¿Î½Î ÏÏὶν δὲ
Ïὴν á¼ÏÏὴν á½ÏÎ¸á¿¶Ï á½ÏοθέÏθαι, μάÏαιον ἡγοῦμαι ÏεÏὶ Ïá¿Ï
ÏελεÏÏá¿Ï á½Î½Ïινοῦν Ïοιεá¿Ïθαι λόγον.
ÎημοÏθένοÏÏ, δ ᾿ÎλÏνθιακὸÏ
Georgian:
From a Unicode conference invitation:
ááá®ááá áá®áááá ááááá áá á áááá¡á¢á ááªáá Unicode-áá¡ ááááá á¡ááá ááá¨áá áá¡á
áááá¤áá áááªáááá ááá¡áá¡á¬á áááá, á ááááá᪠áááááá áááá 10-12 ááá á¢á¡,
á¥. áááááªá¨á, ááá áááááá¨á. áááá¤áá áááªáá á¨áá°áá ááá¡ áá ááá áá¡áá¤áááá¡
áá¥á¡ááá á¢ááá¡ áá¡áá ááá áááá¨á á áááá ááªáá ááá¢áá ááá¢á áá Unicode-á,
ááá¢áá áááªáááááááááªáá áá áááááááááªáá, Unicode-áá¡ ááááá§ááááá
áááá ááªáá£á á¡áá¡á¢ááááá¡á, áá ááááá§áááááá áá ááá ááááá¨á, á¨á áá¤á¢ááá¨á,
á¢áá¥á¡á¢áááá¡ áááá£á¨áááááá¡á áá áá áááááááááá áááááá£á¢áá á£á á¡áá¡á¢ááááá¨á.
Russian:
From a Unicode conference invitation:
ÐаÑегиÑÑÑиÑÑйÑеÑÑ ÑейÑÐ°Ñ Ð½Ð° ÐеÑÑÑÑÑ ÐеждÑнаÑоднÑÑ ÐонÑеÑенÑÐ¸Ñ Ð¿Ð¾
Unicode, коÑоÑÐ°Ñ ÑоÑÑоиÑÑÑ 10-12 маÑÑа 1997 года в ÐайнÑе в ÐеÑмании.
ÐонÑеÑенÑÐ¸Ñ ÑобеÑÐµÑ ÑиÑокий кÑÑг ÑкÑпеÑÑов по вопÑоÑам глобалÑного
ÐнÑеÑнеÑа и Unicode, локализаÑии и инÑеÑнаÑионализаÑии, воплоÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¸
пÑÐ¸Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Unicode в ÑазлиÑнÑÑ Ð¾Ð¿ÐµÑаÑионнÑÑ ÑиÑÑÐµÐ¼Ð°Ñ Ð¸ пÑогÑаммнÑÑ
пÑиложениÑÑ, ÑÑиÑÑаÑ, веÑÑÑке и многоÑзÑÑнÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿ÑÑÑеÑнÑÑ ÑиÑÑемаÑ.
Thai (UCS Level 2):
Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese
classic 'San Gua'):
[----------------------------|------------------------]
๠à¹à¸à¹à¸à¸à¸´à¸à¸®à¸±à¹à¸à¹à¸ªà¸·à¹à¸à¸¡à¹à¸à¸£à¸¡à¹à¸ªà¸à¸ªà¸±à¸à¹à¸§à¸ à¸à¸£à¸°à¸à¸à¹à¸à¸¨à¸à¸à¸à¸à¸¹à¹à¸à¸¹à¹à¸à¸¶à¹à¸à¹à¸«à¸¡à¹
สิà¸à¸ªà¸à¸à¸à¸©à¸±à¸à¸£à¸´à¸¢à¹à¸à¹à¸à¸à¸«à¸à¹à¸²à¹à¸¥à¸à¸±à¸à¹à¸ สà¸à¸à¸à¸à¸à¹à¹à¸à¸£à¹à¹à¸à¹à¹à¸à¸¥à¸²à¹à¸à¸²à¸à¸±à¸à¸à¸²
à¸à¸£à¸à¸à¸±à¸à¸à¸·à¸à¸à¸±à¸à¸à¸µà¹à¸à¹à¸à¸à¸µà¹à¸à¸¶à¹à¸ à¸à¹à¸²à¸à¹à¸¡à¸·à¸à¸à¸à¸¶à¸à¸§à¸´à¸à¸£à¸´à¸à¹à¸à¹à¸à¸à¸±à¸à¸«à¸à¸²
à¹à¸®à¸à¸´à¹à¸à¹à¸£à¸µà¸¢à¸à¸à¸±à¸à¸à¸±à¹à¸§à¸«à¸±à¸§à¹à¸¡à¸·à¸à¸à¸¡à¸² หมายà¸à¸°à¸à¹à¸²à¸¡à¸à¸à¸±à¹à¸§à¸à¸±à¸§à¸ªà¸³à¸à¸±à¸
à¹à¸«à¸¡à¸·à¸à¸à¸à¸±à¸à¹à¸ªà¹à¸¥à¹à¹à¸ªà¸·à¸à¸à¸²à¸à¹à¸à¸«à¸² รัà¸à¸«à¸¡à¸²à¸à¹à¸²à¹à¸à¹à¸²à¸¡à¸²à¹à¸¥à¸¢à¸à¸²à¸ªà¸±à¸
à¸à¹à¸²à¸¢à¸à¹à¸à¸à¸à¸¸à¹à¸à¸¢à¸¸à¹à¸¢à¸à¹à¸«à¹à¹à¸à¸à¸à¸±à¸ à¹à¸à¹à¸ªà¸²à¸§à¸à¸±à¹à¸à¹à¸à¹à¸à¸à¸à¸§à¸à¸à¸·à¹à¸à¸à¸§à¸à¹à¸
à¸à¸¥à¸±à¸à¸¥à¸´à¸à¸¸à¸¢à¸à¸¸à¸¢à¸à¸µà¸à¸¥à¸±à¸à¸à¹à¸à¹à¸«à¸à¸¸ à¸à¹à¸²à¸à¸à¸²à¹à¸à¸¨à¸à¸£à¸´à¸à¸«à¸à¸²à¸à¹à¸²à¸£à¹à¸à¸à¹à¸«à¹
à¸à¹à¸à¸à¸£à¸à¸£à¸²à¸à¹à¸²à¸à¸±à¸à¸à¸à¸à¸£à¸£à¸¥à¸±à¸¢ ฤà¹à¸«à¸²à¹à¸à¸£à¸à¹à¸³à¸à¸¹à¸à¸¹à¹à¸à¸£à¸£à¸¥à¸±à¸à¸à¹ ฯ
(The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled
correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the
| character above.)
Ethiopian:
Proverbs in the Amharic language:
á°áá á áá³á¨áµ ááᥠá áá¨á°áµá¢
á¥á á«áá á¥áá°á á£á´ á ááá áá¢
áᥠá«áá¤á± ááá¥á ááá¢
á°á á ááá áᤠá£áá ᣠáá£áµ á áá°ááá¢
á¨á á áááá³ á áᤠá áá³á½áá¢
á áᥠá á á á³á á°áá³á¢
á²á°á¨áá áá°á¨ááá¢
ááµ á ááµá¥ ááááá á á¥áá© ááá³áá¢
áµá á¢á«á¥á á áá á³ á«áµáá¢
á°á á¥áá°á¤á± á¥áá á¥áá° áá¨á¤á± á áá°á³á°ááá¢
á¥ááá á¨á¨áá°áá áá®á® á³áááá á ááµááá¢
á¨áá¨á¤áµ áá£á¥ á¢á«á©áµ ááµá á£á«á©áµ á«á ááá¢
á¥á« á¨ááá³áµ ááá ááá³áµá¢
áá£á áá°áªá« á¨ááᥠáááµ áá ááá«áá¢
á¨á¥áµáá á áá© áá« á¨á áá« á áá© ááá«á¢
á°ááá á¢á°á á°ááᶠá£áá¢
áá³áá áá á¢áá á¨ááµá á áµáá°áá¢
á¥áááá á áá«á½á áá áááá¢
Runes:
á»á á³á¹á«á¦ á¦á«á á»á áá¢áá á©á¾ á¦á«á ááªá¾áá á¾á©á±á¦á¹ááªá±áá¢á á¹áᦠá¦áª á¹áá¥á«
(Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he
bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said
that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.')
Braille:
â¡â â §â â ¼â â â¡â â â ⠹⠰â â¡£â â
â¡â â â â ¹ â ºâ â â â â â â â â â â â â â ºâ ⠹⠲ ⡹⠻â â â â â â â ³â â
â ±â â â ⠧⠻ â â â ³â â ¹â â â ² ⡹â â â â â â â » â â â â â â â ¥â â â â â ºâ â
â â â â â « â â ¹ â ¹â â â â »â â ¹â â â â â ¹â â â â »â â â ¹â â ¥â â â »â â â â »â
â â â â ¹â â ¡â â â â â ³â â ⠻⠲ â¡â â â â â â â â â â â « â â â ² â¡â â
â¡â â â â â â â °â â â â â â ºâ â â â â â â ¥â â â â °â¡¡â â â â â â â â â â ⠹⠹â â â â
â ¡â â â â â â â ¥â â â â â â â â â â â ²
â¡â â â¡â â â â ¹ â ºâ â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â ¤â â â â â ²
â¡â â â â¡ â â â â °â â â â â â â â â â ¹ â ¹â â â¡ â â â ªâ â â â â ¹
â ªâ â â â ªâ â «â â â â ±â â ⠹⠻â â â â â â â â â ¥â â â â ¹ â â â â â â â ³â
â â â â â â ¤â â â â â ² â¡ â â â £â â â â §â â â â ² â â â â â «â â â ¹â â â â â â â
â â â â â â â â â â â â ¤â â â â â â â ¹â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â ⠻⠹
â â ¹â â â â â â â ² â¡â ¥â â ¹â â ºâ â â â â â â â ³â â â â â â â â â
â â â â ¹â â â â â â â â â â â â â ¹ â ¥â â â â â ⠪⠫ â â â â â
â ©â â â â â â â â â â ¥â â â â â â â â ¹â â¡â ³â â â ⠹⠰â â â â â â â â â ² ⡹⠳
â ºâ â â ⠹⠻â â â â â â â »â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â ¹â â ¹â â
â¡â â â â ¹ â ºâ â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â ¤â â â â â ²
(The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens)
Compact font selection example text:
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789
abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÃÃÃÃÃéöÿ
âââââââ â¢â¦â°â¢ÅŠŸž⬠ÎÎÎÎÎ©Î±Î²Î³Î´Ï ÐÐÐÐÐабвгд
âââââ§âªâ¡â âââ¨â»â£ ââ¼ââââºâºâ ï¬ï¿½ââá¼ á¸Ó¥áºÉËâ×Ô±á
Greetings in various languages:
Hello world, ÎαλημέÏα κόÏμε, ã³ã³ããã
Box drawing alignment tests: â
â
ââââ¦âââ ââââ¬âââ ââââ¬âââ® ââââ¬âââ® ââââ³âââ ââââ â· â» ââ¯â ââ°â â â±â²â±â²â³â³â³
ââââ¨âââ ââââ§âââ ââââªâââ âââââââ âââââââ ââââ â¶â¼â´âºââ¸â â¼â¨ ââ⥠â â²â±â²â±â³â³â³
âââ² â±ââ ââ ââ ââ â ââ ââ â ââ ââ â¿ ââ ââââ âµ â¹ ââ·â ââ¸â â â±â²â±â²â³â³â³
â â¡ â³ â⣠â⢠â⤠ââ¼ââ¼ââ¼â¤ ââ«ââââ«â¤ â£â¿â¾â¼â¼â¿â« ââââ ââââ â ââââ â â â²â±â²â±â³â³â³
âââ± â²ââ ââ ââ ââ â ââ ââ â ââ ââ â½ ââ ââââââââ â â â â â â â
ââââ¥âââ ââââ¤âââ ââââªâââ âââââââ âââââââ ââââââââ â â â â â â â
ââââ©âââ ââââ´âââ â°âââ´ââ⯠â°âââ´ââ⯠ââââ»âââ ââââââ ââââ â ââââ â ââââââââ
ââââââ
Another way to check if we have UTF-8 support is through the following Python script:
vi testUnicode.py
import sys
if "UTF-8" in sys.stdout.encoding:
print("△")
else:
raise Exception("Terminal can't handle UTF-8")
When executed, we will see the following output:
python3.7 testUnicode.py
△
If it doesn’t work, we will get:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "testUnicode.py", line 6, in <module>
raise Exception("Terminal can't handle UTF-8")
Exception: Terminal can't handle UTF-8
Regarding Htop and MOC, we must export the TERM environment variable before running them. In my case, using Bash, it would be like this:
vi ~/.bashrc
alias htop='export TERM=xterm && htop'
alias mocp='export TERM=xterm && mocp'
The output of htop without exporting the variable would be the following:
After exporting the variable, the following:
The same thing happens with MOC, without exporting the variable the output would be the following:
Exporting the variable, the following:
The configuration is not overly complicated if you know what you are doing, but to fit all the pieces together, you need several trial-and-error attempts to find the correct combination. I hope this recipe saves some time for more than one person.